Improving breastfeeding among adolescent mothers: a prospective cohort

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Exclusive breastfeeding is recommended for the first six months, and mother's age impact early weaning. Educational support and relevant information can increase breastfeeding rates. OBJECTIVE: To determine whether antenatal education enhances the maintenance, intention, and confidence in breastfeeding among adolescents. DESIGN AND SETTING: A prospective cohort study involving primiparous adolescents who gave birth at the Woman's Hospital (CAISM), Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Brazil. METHODS: Adolescent mothers were categorized into two groups based on the location of prenatal care: those at the Woman's Hospital (WH) who received antenatal education, and at the Primary Care (PC) who did not receive antenatal education. All adolescents received breastfeeding orientation during their postpartum hospital stay. The groups were compared using the Student's t-test, Mann-Whitney U test, and chi-squared test. Log-binomial models were used to compare the groups at different time intervals. RESULTS: The study included 132 adolescents: 59 in the WH group and 73 in the PC group. Six months postpartum, adolescents in the WH group demonstrated higher engagement in breastfeeding (P < 0.005) and exclusive breastfeeding (P = 0.04) than PC group. PC group showed greater lack of confidence in breastfeeding (P = 0.02) and felt less prepared (P = 0.01). Notably, all WH adolescents reported a stronger desire to breastfeed after antenatal education. CONCLUSION: Antenatal education significantly improves the maintenance, intention, and confidence of breastfeeding among adolescents. This education approach can be implemented across all healthcare levels and should be made accessible to all women throughout the pregnancy and postpartum period.

Improving breastfeeding among adolescent mothers: a prospective cohort.

BACKGROUND: Exclusive breastfeeding is recommended for the first six months, and mother's age impact early weaning. Educational support and relevant information can increase breastfeeding rates. OBJECTIVE: To determine whether antenatal education enhances the maintenance, intention, and confidence in breastfeeding among adolescents. DESIGN AND SETTING: A prospective cohort study involving primiparous adolescents who gave birth at the Woman's Hospital (CAISM), Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Brazil. METHODS: Adolescent mothers were categorized into two groups based on the location of prenatal care: those at the Woman's Hospital (WH) who received antenatal education, and at the Primary Care (PC) who did not receive antenatal education. All adolescents received breastfeeding orientation during their postpartum hospital stay. The groups were compared using the Student's t-test, Mann-Whitney U test, and chi-squared test. Log-binomial models were used to compare the groups at different time intervals. RESULTS: The study included 132 adolescents: 59 in the WH group and 73 in the PC group. Six months postpartum, adolescents in the WH group demonstrated higher engagement in breastfeeding (P < 0.005) and exclusive breastfeeding (P = 0.04) than PC group. PC group showed greater lack of confidence in breastfeeding (P = 0.02) and felt less prepared (P = 0.01). Notably, all WH adolescents reported a stronger desire to breastfeed after antenatal education. CONCLUSION: Antenatal education significantly improves the maintenance, intention, and confidence of breastfeeding among adolescents. This education approach can be implemented across all healthcare levels and should be made accessible to all women throughout the pregnancy and postpartum period.

Perceptions of Brazilian women at a public obstetric outpatient clinic regarding domestic violence: a qualitative study.

OBJECTIVE: The aim was to explore women's perceptions of violence, its causes, manifestations, consequences and responses to prevent and confront domestic violence against women in Brazilian society. DESIGN: We conducted a qualitative study with individual, semistructured interviews. We used thematic analysis and discussed the data considering the ecological framework. SETTING: The study was conducted in an antenatal and postnatal care service in the Brazilian National Health System. Data collection was conducted in October 2022. PARTICIPANTS: The sample selection was intentional and sampling was conducted according to the data saturation criterion. Twelve women who attended an antenatal and postnatal care service were interviewed. The participants reported different experiences of domestic and family violence throughout their lives. RESULTS: Based on the analysis, four themes were identified: (1) between the public and the private spheres: violence against women and its manifestations, causes and particularities; (2) factors that increase vulnerability; (3) protection system and support network: strengths and weaknesses; and (4) alternatives for the prevention and elimination of violence. CONCLUSIONS: The perceptions of Brazilian women during pregnancy and the postpartum period regarding domestic violence included a multifaceted view of violence. The women's discourse demonstrated the difficulties that they faced in interrupting the cycle of violence and accessing support networks.

Domestic violence: A cross-sectional study among pregnant and postpartum women.

AIM: To assess the prevalence of domestic violence/intimate partner violence, aggressors, types of violence and associated factors in women who attend an antenatal and postnatal care service in a public hospital in Brazil. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. METHODS: We interviewed women attending antenatal and postpartum care services in a Brazilian public tertiary woman's hospital in Campinas, São Paulo, between July 2019 and September 2021. Data were collected through interviewer-administered questionnaires previously used in healthcare settings: Abuse Assessment Screen (AAS); Woman Abuse Screening Tool (WAST); Hurt, Insulted, Threatened with Harm and Screamed (HITS). We evaluated the relationship between the sociodemographic characteristics of women and domestic/intimate violence using bivariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses. RESULTS: Of the 600 pregnant and postpartum women interviewed, 138 (23%) had suffered any abuse. Some participants disclosed physical violence during pregnancy (2.3%) and during the last 12 months (5.3%). The partner was identified as the main aggressor in most of the cases (60%). When women had a partner, 3.5% reported domestic violence and 6.7% disclosed intimate partner violence during pregnancy or postpartum period. Women with non-white skin colour (OR = 1.53; 95% CI 1.01-2.34; p = .048), gestational age ≤ 13 weeks (OR = 3.41; 95% CI 1.03-11.25; p = .044) and in postpartum period (OR = 2.81; 95% CI 1.32-5.99; p = .008) were more likely to experience domestic violence at some time in their lives. Women interviewed before the COVID-19 pandemic were more likely to disclose that they had suffered any abuse. CONCLUSION: Experience of violence during pregnancy and postpartum period was more frequent in women with non-white skin colour, in their first gestational trimester and in the postpartum period, and was more reported before the COVID-19 pandemic. Antenatal and postpartum care services could be safe places to support violence survivors. IMPACT: Pregnant and postpartum women are a vulnerable group to experiencing domestic violence/intimate partner violence. Violence can negatively affect women's and children's health and well-being. Antenatal and postpartum care should be considered as a moment to routinely inquiry women about past and current violence experiences. Regular contact among healthcare professionals and women during this period offers a window of opportunities for implementing psychosocial interventions among women at risk of violence. Healthcare providers (i.e., physicians, psychologists, social workers, nurses and midwives) have an important role in identifying survivors, offering support and providing quality information to women.

Nitinol corrosion under force stresses in simulated physiological fluid with and without fluorides / Corrosión de nitinol bajo tensiones de fuerza en fluido fisiológico simulado con y sin fluoruros

ABSTRACT Introduction: nickel-titanium (nitinol) wires may potentially corrode oral environments causing biocompatibility problems. The purpose of this study was to compare the behavior of corrosion of nitinol wires in artificial saliva with different levels of pH, fluoride concentration, and tension degrees. Methods: an experimental study applying four electrochemical techniques: corrosion potential, linear polarization resistance, Tafel curves, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Samples were cemented on teeth simulating different crowding degrees (56 gf and 224 gf) at various levels of fluoride concentration (0% and 0.5%) and pH (4 and 7). Results: the corrosion strength values for a sample submerged at pH 4, 0% NaF during 5 hours is lower for a force of 224 gf than for 56 gf. When the electrolyte is added a concentration of 0.5% sodium fluoride, it increases polarization resistance for a force of 224 gf. Conclusion: this study confirmed the existence of oxides on the nickel-titanium surface, especially on the arch exposed for 14 days to pH 4 and 0.5% NaF.

RESUMEN Introducción: los alambres de níquel-titanio (nitinol) poseen potencial de corrosión en el medio bucal y pueden ocasionar problemas de biocompatibilidad. El propósito de este estudio fue comparar el comportamiento de corrosión que presentan los alambres de nitinol en saliva artificial con diferentes niveles de pH, concentración de fluoruros y grados de tensión. Métodos: se desarrolló un estudio de tipo experimental, aplicando cuatro técnicas electroquímicas: potencial de corrosión, resistencia a la polarización lineal, curvas de Tafel y espectroscopía de impedancia electroquímica. Los especímenes fueron cementados en dientes que simulaban diferentes grados de apiñamiento (56 gf y 224 gf), a diversos niveles de concentración de fluoruros (0% y 0,5%) y pH (4 y 7). Resultados: se observó que el valor de resistencia a la corrosión para una muestra sumergida a pH 4, 0% NaF y a 5 horas de inmersión es menor para la fuerza de 224 gf que para la de 56 gf. Cuando se le agrega al electrolito la concentración de fluoruro de sodio de 0,5%, aumenta la resistencia a la polarización para una fuerza equivalente de 224 gf. Conclusiones: se confirmó la existencia de óxidos sobre la superficie del níquel-titanio, especialmente en el arco expuesto durante 14 días a pH 4 y 0,5% en peso de NaF.

Level of behavior and knowledge concerning human papillomavirus among university students of a nursing college.

INTRODUCTION: Human pappilomavirus is one of the most common sexually transmitted diseases, and persistent HPV infection is considered the most important cause of cervical cancer. It is detected in more than 98% of this type of cancer. This study aimed to determine the level of knowledge concerning human papillomavirus among nursing college students of a private educational institution located in the City of Bauru, SP, and correlate their knowledge according to the course year. METHODS: A descriptive study with a quantitative approach, performed with a questionnaire that permitted the quantification of data and opinions, thus guaranteeing the precision of the results without distortions in analysis or interpretation. The survey was applied to randomly selected 1st, 2nd, 3rd, and 4th-year nursing college students. Twenty students from each level were selected during August 2009, totaling 80 students of both genders. RESULTS: Observation revealed that 4th-year students had greater knowledge than 1st-year students, reflecting the greater period of study, the lack of knowledge of 1st-year students was due to the low level of information acquired before entering college. CONCLUSIONS: The need for complementary studies which determine the profile and knowledge of a larger number of teenagers in relation to HPV was established. The need for educational programs that can overcome this lack of information is undeniable, especially those aimed at making adolescents less susceptible to HPV and other STDs.

Level of behavior and knowledge concerning human papillomavirus among university students of a nursing college / Nível do comportamento e conhecimento sobre o papilomavírus humano entre universitários do curso de enfermagem

INTRODUCTION: Human pappilomavirus is one of the most common sexually transmitted diseases, and persistent HPV infection is considered the most important cause of cervical cancer. It is detected in more than 98 percent of this type of cancer. This study aimed to determine the level of knowledge concerning human papillomavirus among nursing college students of a private educational institution located in the City of Bauru, SP, and correlate their knowledge according to the course year. METHODS: A descriptive study with a quantitative approach, performed with a questionnaire that permitted the quantification of data and opinions, thus guaranteeing the precision of the results without distortions in analysis or interpretation. The survey was applied to randomly selected 1st, 2nd, 3rd, and 4th-year nursing college students. Twenty students from each level were selected during August 2009, totaling 80 students of both genders. RESULTS: Observation revealed that 4th-year students had greater knowledge than 1st-year students, reflecting the greater period of study, the lack of knowledge of 1st-year students was due to the low level of information acquired before entering college. CONCLUSIONS: The need for complementary studies which determine the profile and knowledge of a larger number of teenagers in relation to HPV was established. The need for educational programs that can overcome this lack of information is undeniable, especially those aimed at making adolescents less susceptible to HPV and other STDs.

INTRODUÇÃO: O papilomavírus humano é uma das doenças sexualmente transmissível mais comum e a infecção persistente pelo HPV é considerada como a mais importante causa de câncer de colo de útero e chega a ser encontrado em mais de 98 por cento deste tipo de câncer. O objetivo deste estudo foi determinar o nível de conhecimento sobre o HPV e correlacionar o ano em que está matriculado com os dados obtidos, entre estudantes do curso de enfermagem de uma instituição educacional privada localizada na Cidade de Bauru, SP. MÉTODOS: Estudo descritivo com abordagem quantitativa, realizado através de questionário que permitiu quantificar dado e opiniões garantindo a precisão dos resultados sem distorções de análise e interpretações, a pesquisa foi aplicada nos estudantes do 1º. 2º, 3º e 4º ano do curso de Enfermagem sendo selecionados de forma aleatória 20 alunos de cada ano, totalizando 80 estudantes de ambos os sexos, no mês de agosto de 2009. RESULTADOS: Observou-se que os alunos do 4º ano apresentaram um conhecimento superior aos alunos do 1º ano, tendo em vista o maior tempo de estudo, a falta de conhecimento dos alunos do 1º ano, deve-se ao baixo nível de informação adquirida antes de entra na faculdade. CONCLUSÕES: Faz-se necessária realização de estudos adicionais que demonstrem qual perfil e conhecimento de um maior número de adolescentes com relação ao HPV. É indiscutível a necessidade de campanhas educativas que possam suprimir a falta de informação, tornando os jovens menos susceptíveis à infecção pelo HPV e outras DST.

Validation of the ratio scale of the differents types of pain.

The main aim was to validate the ratio scale derived from the non-metric continuum of the intensity of the different types of pain using cross-modality matching. Magnitude estimation method and cross-modality matching were used with perceived line lengths. The study was formed by 30 outpatients from various specialty clinics, 30 physicians and 90 nurses. The results were: Cancer Pain, Myocardium Infarct Pain, Renal Colic, Burn Injury Pain, and Childbirth Labor Pain were regarded as the pains of greater intensity; the rank order of pain intensity for the different types of pain, comparing the different psychophysical methods used resulted in levels of significant agreement. The conclusion was that the relation between the magnitude estimates and cross modality matching estimates of the line-lengths is a power function, and the scale for the different types of pain is valid, stable and consistent.

Validation of the ratio scale of the differents types of pain / Validación de la escala de razón de los diferentes tipos de dolor / Validação da escala de razão dos diferentes tipos de dor

The main aim was to validate the ratio scale derived from the non-metric continuum of the intensity of the different types of pain using cross-modality matching. Magnitude estimation method and cross-modality matching were used with perceived line lengths. The study was formed by 30 outpatients from various specialty clinics, 30 physicians and 90 nurses. The results were: Cancer Pain, Myocardium Infarct Pain, Renal Colic, Burn Injury Pain, and Childbirth Labor Pain were regarded as the pains of greater intensity; the rank order of pain intensity for the different types of pain, comparing the different psychophysical methods used resulted in levels of significant agreement. The conclusion was that the relation between the magnitude estimates and cross modality matching estimates of the line-lengths is a power function, and the scale for the different types of pain is valid, stable and consistent.

El objetivo general fue validar la escala de razón derivada para el continuo no métrico de intensidad de los diferentes tipos de dolor por medio del método de emparejamiento intermodal. Fueron utilizados los métodos de estimación de magnitud y de emparejamiento intermodal con la modalidad de respuesta en largo de líneas. Participaron 30 pacientes de ambulatorio de diferentes clínicas, 30 médicos y 30 enfermeros. Los resultados mostraron: Dolor en el Cáncer, Dolor por Infarto del Miocardio, Dolor por Cólico Renal, Dolor por Quemadura y Dolor en el Parto; que fueron considerados los tipos de dolor de mayor intensidad; el orden de las posiciones de la intensidad de los diferentes tipos de dolor, cuando se compara los diferentes métodos psicofísicos utilizados, resultó en niveles de concordancia significativa. Concluimos que la relación entre las estimativas de magnitudes y las estimativas de largo de líneas es una función exponencial y la escala de los diferentes tipos de dolor es válida, estable y consistente.

O objetivo geral foi validar a escala de razão derivada para o contínuo não métrico de intensidade dos diferentes tipos de dor, por meio do método de emparelhamento intermodal. Foram utilizados os métodos de estimação de magnitude e de emparelhamento intermodal com a modalidade de resposta em comprimento de linhas. Participaram 30 pacientes ambulatoriais de diferentes clínicas, 30 médicos e 30 enfermeiros. Os resultados mostraram dor no câncer, dor por infarto do miocárdio, dor por cólica renal, dor por queimadura e dor no parto, considerados os tipos de dor de maior intensidade; as ordenações de posições da intensidade dos diferentes tipos de dor, comparando os diferentes métodos psicofísicos utilizados, resultaram em níveis de concordância significativos. Conclui-se que a relação entre as estimativas de magnitudes e as estimativas de comprimento de linhas é uma função de potência e a escala dos diferentes tipos de dor é válida, estável e consistente.

Caracterização do atendimento a mulheres em uma maternidade araraquarense / Characterization of women care in a maternity hospital at Araraquara

O presente trabalho teve o objetivo de caracterizar o atendimento às mulheres em uma maternidade de um município do interior do Estado de São Paulo, em 2001. Trata-se de estudo quantitativo, utilizando a estatística descritiva para expor e sintetizar os dados. Por meio de uma amostra de 1052 (4 por cento) mulheres internadas naquele período, verificou-se que, entre as internações mais incidentes, 40,2 por cento foram partos normais, 27,7 por cento cesáreas, 16,9 por cento para tratamento e 15,2 por cento cirurgias. Concluiu-se que a taxa de adolescentes foi alta tanto no parto normal (31,1 por cento) como nas cesáreas (17,5 por cento), houve uma queda no índice de cesárea (40,8 por cento), em relação ao alto índice (74,6 por cento) encontrado em 1999 e que o município deve investir em educação no pré-natal, uma vez que a maioria das gestantes de maior renda optaram pela cesárea.

Cesárea: percepções da puérpera frente à escolha do tipo de parto / Cesarean: puerperal women' perceptions in face of choosing the birth type

Verifica-se em nossa realidade diária a grande incidência de cesárea, apesar do incentivo para a realização do parto normal e humanizado. Este é um estudo descritivo, prospectivo, com abordagem quantitativa cujo objetivo foi identificar o conhecimento da puérpera sobre os tipos de parto e as orientações ministradas no pré-natal referentes a tal assunto. Realizou-se em uma maternidade, no município de Araraquara - SP, em 2002, com puérperas assistidas pelo sistema particular. A coleta de dados se deu durante dois meses e a amostra totalizou 44 puérperas. Foi aplicado um questionário contendo informacões sobre dados pessoais, reprodutivos, tipo de parto e orientações recebidas no pré-natal. A média etária foi 27,5 anos, todas as mulheres fizeram pré-natal, 50 por cento não receberam informações sobre os tipos de parto durante a gestação e o motivo da cesária foi por escolha em 84,1 por cento.

Expectativas de puérperas em relação ao métodos contraceptivos / Expectations of puerperae concerning contraceptive methods

Em nossa prática diária, observamos que algumas mulheres têm tido pequeno intervalo entre cada gravidez, gerando preocupação acerca do conhecimento sobre o uso de métodos contraceptivos no puerpério. Este é um estudo descritivo, prospectivo, que teve como objetivo analisar o conhecimento e expectativas das puérperas sobre o uso de métodos contraceptivos. Foi realizado na Maternidade do Complexo Aeroporto - Mater, no município de Ribeirão Preto - São Paulo, no ano de 2001. A amostra foi casual simples, totalizando 50 puérperas. Foi aplicado um formulário contendo informações sobre dados pessoais, reprodutivos e métodos contraceptivos. A idade das puérperas de filhos variou de 1 a 8. Das 32 puérperas que utilizavam contracepção, o método de escolha de 23 (71,9 por cento) foi a pílula anticoncepcional e houve uma tendência em continuar seu uso